Even as EVs gain ground they continue to evolve

by | Jun 14, 2021 | 0 comments

Electric vehicles (EVs) showed remarkable staying power through 2020 even as the overall automotive market saw steep drops, but even so the role of government policy in this performance should not be overlooked. Further gains are expected to require continued evolution of battery technology.

According to research firm IDTechEx, a critical dichotomy of technologies might even be in the offing.

2020 cathode market share in EVs, by GWh. Source: IDTechEx (PRNewsfoto/IDTechEx)
2020 cathode market share in EVs, by GWh.

For example, there is a clear trend in moving toward higher nickel NMC and NCA cathode materials for battery electric cars (BEVs) to help improve the energy density of Li-ion batteries, and EV range as a result, but these high nickel cathodes will not be universally optimal. Segments such as buses or forklifts can benefit from the safety and low cost of LFP.

There has also been renewed interest in using LFP for cars, driven by concerns over the sustainability and supply of critical metals including cobalt, nickel, and even manganese.

Tesla’s Model 3 in China makes use of LFP, while Volkswagen and Renault have announced the possibility of using the cathode for entry-level models.

In their market report, “Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles 2021-2031“, IDTechEx forecast LFPs market share to grow to 15% by 2026, showing that despite the growing popularity of LFP, NMC and NCA will maintain the majority share of the EV market as a whole.

While there is rightly much discussion on the role of cathodes with regard to improving Li-ion performance, cost, and sustainability, a key area of cell development that will help improve Li-ion energy density relates to the anode material. Namely, the development of silicon and lithium-metal anodes, the latter often in conjunction with a solid-electrolyte that can offer additional benefits to safety.

Lithium-metal and silicon offer their own advantages and disadvantages, but both can provide significant improvements to gravimetric and volumetric energy density, and given the importance of EV range, numerous automotive manufacturers have partnered with lithium-metal/solid-state and silicon anode technology developers. Coupled with developments to cell design and the cathode,

IDTechEx estimate that commercially available cells for EVs will offer improvements of 30-40% to gravimetric and volumetric energy density by the end of the decade, helping to boost the appeal of EVs to the wider market.

For further discussion and analysis of Li-ion technology development for various electric vehicle segments, including on cell materials, module and pack designs, and thermal management, along with IDTechEx’s forecasts of battery demand for numerous EV segments, please see the report “Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles 2021-2031“.

For more information on this report, please visit www.IDTechEx.com/EVLithium.

This report forms part of the broader electric vehicle and energy storage research from IDTechEx, who track the adoption of electric vehicles, battery trends, and demand across more than 100 different mobility sectors.

This is summarized in a master report: www.IDTechEx.com/EV, or for further in-depth analysis, please see the full portfolio of electric vehicle research available from IDTechEx: www.IDTechEx.com/research/EV

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